Energy Senses- sight-> light waves
- touch-> pressure - hearing-> sound waves | Chemical Senses- taste
-smell both are triggered by chem.s in liquid |
Vision
* light frequency- changes color
* light amplitude- Changes brightness
* light goes to cornea first
* retina wraps all the way inside the retina
* fovea has only cone cells
* blind spot has no retina= no vision, axons go through here (called optic nerve) it's a HOLE
* bipolar and Ganglion cells are interneurons
* rods and cones are sensory
Visual Pathways to brain:
* Retina-> optic nerve/ cross at optic chasm-> Thalamus (LGN)-> occipital lobe
* Optic chasm- info at inner half of each eye crossover
Theories
*Trichromatic theory doesn't explain color blindness and after images
* opponent process theory- cone come in complimentary pairs of colors
- blue-yellow
- red-green
- Black- white
* trichromatic theory-> in eye
Opponent process-> in mind
* Feature analysis- we have cells in our brains that specialize on getting certain features (called feature detectors)
* light amplitude- Changes brightness
* light goes to cornea first
* retina wraps all the way inside the retina
* fovea has only cone cells
* blind spot has no retina= no vision, axons go through here (called optic nerve) it's a HOLE
* bipolar and Ganglion cells are interneurons
* rods and cones are sensory
Visual Pathways to brain:
* Retina-> optic nerve/ cross at optic chasm-> Thalamus (LGN)-> occipital lobe
* Optic chasm- info at inner half of each eye crossover
Theories
*Trichromatic theory doesn't explain color blindness and after images
* opponent process theory- cone come in complimentary pairs of colors
- blue-yellow
- red-green
- Black- white
* trichromatic theory-> in eye
Opponent process-> in mind
* Feature analysis- we have cells in our brains that specialize on getting certain features (called feature detectors)
Gestalt Principles in Visual Processing
1. Organization
- see things in patterns
2. Figure and Ground
- face and 2 vases example
3. Proximity
- grouping things closer to each other together
4. similarity
- group things that are similiar together
5. Continuity
- assume things go on in a straight line together if covered up
6. common fate
- group things that move the same direction together
7. Closure
- close spaces between spaces to make a picture
- see things in patterns
2. Figure and Ground
- face and 2 vases example
3. Proximity
- grouping things closer to each other together
4. similarity
- group things that are similiar together
5. Continuity
- assume things go on in a straight line together if covered up
6. common fate
- group things that move the same direction together
7. Closure
- close spaces between spaces to make a picture
Visual Cues
* Interposition- things closer will over lap things furthur away
* Relative size- smaller things are further away
* Height in plane- things further away are higher in vision
* Texture Gradient- things closer will have more texture than things further away
* Light and Shadow- shadpws make things look deeper or higher
* Perceptual Constancy: size and shape
* as things get closer they look bigger while moving
* change of shape= change of distance
depthe perception exists in infants as young as before they crawl
* Relative size- smaller things are further away
* Height in plane- things further away are higher in vision
* Texture Gradient- things closer will have more texture than things further away
* Light and Shadow- shadpws make things look deeper or higher
* Perceptual Constancy: size and shape
* as things get closer they look bigger while moving
* change of shape= change of distance
depthe perception exists in infants as young as before they crawl
Hearing
*wavelength-> pitch
*Amplitude-> volume
*Pinna- localizes sounds, tells heigth b/c of shape of pinna
* ear wax is in ear canal to prevent dust going into ear
*Amplitude-> volume
*Pinna- localizes sounds, tells heigth b/c of shape of pinna
* ear wax is in ear canal to prevent dust going into ear
Touch
* receptors in skin:
- pressure
- pain
- temperature (opponent-process)
- pressure
- pain
- temperature (opponent-process)
Smell
* signals go to olfactory bulb-> located behind sinuses
Taste
* bumps on tongue are called papillae
- taste buds are on papillae
- 5 tastes
1. sweet
2. salty
3. sour
4. bitter
5. umami (think savory like meats and cheeses)
- taste buds are on papillae
- 5 tastes
1. sweet
2. salty
3. sour
4. bitter
5. umami (think savory like meats and cheeses)
Vestibular and Kinesthetic Sense
* Vestibular sense receptors are in semicircular canals, controls balance
* kinesthetic sensory receptors are in your joints/ muscles and helps you sense where your body parts are in space (try it with your eyes closed, i dare you)
* kinesthetic sensory receptors are in your joints/ muscles and helps you sense where your body parts are in space (try it with your eyes closed, i dare you)